Agriculture is the engine for the growth of the economy of our country. 70% of country’s population depends on this sector. Green revolution resulted in excessive use of fertilizers; chemical pesticides and irrigation water lead to environmental pollution and human health hazards. This apart pests and diseases have become prominent. Added to it soil degradation and loss of plant diversity emerged as a new problem. Indian agriculture is now facing
several such challenges. The only alternative to meet these challenges is the adaptation of environmentally friendly, cost effective and sustainable improved agricultural production technologies. There is an obvious need for new technologies to surpass these problems posed by intensive farm
practices.

Agricultural Biotechnology has promise and potential to cope up with these challeneges. The recent advancements in Biotechnology lead to development of a range of crop and animal – based technologies , which solves many of agricultural problems with special reference to crop protection and soil health management.